Which of the following reactions involves $\alpha$ -halogenation of carboxylic acid?

Which of the following reactions involves $\alpha$ -halogenation of carboxylic acid?
  1. Gattermann reaction
  2. Riemer - Tiemann reaction
  3. Sandmeyer reaction
  4. Hell-Vohlard-Zelinsky reaction

Solution

Hell Volhard Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction: This reaction involves alpha bromination of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids react with chlorine or bromine in presence of small amount of red phosphorous to give alpha halo carboxylic acids. $\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH} \stackrel{\mathrm{Br}_{2} / \mathrm{P}}{\rightarrow} \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CHBr}-\mathrm{COOH} \stackrel{\mathrm{Br}_{2} / \mathrm{P}}{\rightarrow} \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CBr}_{2}-$ $\mathrm{COOH} \stackrel{\mathrm{Br}_{2} / \mathrm{P}}{\longrightarrow}$ No further reaction.

Asked in: MHT CET 2020 (19 Oct Shift 1)

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