Which of the following combinations is required for chemiosmosis?
- proton pump, electron gradient, NADP synthase
- membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase
- membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, NADP synthase
- proton pump, electron gradient, ATP synthase
Solution
ATP synthesis according to chemiosmosis hypothesis takes place in both chloroplasts (photophosphorylation) and mitochondria (oxidative phosphorylation). Both these processes need the involvement of:
- A membrane (thylakoid membrane or mitochondrial membrane, respectively).
- Proton pumps to maintain the pH.
- Proton gradient to move the proton across the membrane.
- ATP synthase enzyme which is present in F0-F1 particles in mitochondria or CF0-CF1 particles in plastids.
Asked in: NEET 2023 (All India)
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