Which among the following salts turns blue litmus red in its aqueous solution?

Which among the following salts turns blue litmus red in its aqueous solution?
  1. KCN
  2. $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$
  3. $\mathrm{NaNO}_3$
  4. $\mathrm{CuCl}_2$

Solution

To identify the salt that yields an acidic aqueous solution—thus turning blue litmus red—consider the hydrolysis behavior based on the strength of the parent acid and base.

Option A, $\text{KCN}$, derives from a strong base (KOH) and weak acid (HCN). The cyanide ion hydrolyzes as $\text{CN}^- + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HCN} + \text{OH}^-$, producing hydroxide ions and resulting in a basic solution.

Option B, $\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3$, originates from a strong base (NaOH) and weak acid ($\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$). The carbonate ion hydrolyzes via $\text{CO}_3^{2-} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HCO}_3^- + \text{OH}^-$, also yielding a basic solution.

Option C, $\text{NaNO}_3$, is formed from a strong base (NaOH) and strong acid ($\text{HNO}_3$). Neither ion hydrolyzes significantly, so the solution remains neutral.

Option D, $\text{CuCl}_2$, arises from a weak base ($\text{Cu(OH)}_2$) and strong acid (HCl). The copper(II) ion hydrolyzes as $\text{Cu}^{2+} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{Cu(OH)}_2 + 2\text{H}^+$, producing hydrogen ions and creating an acidic solution.

Consequently, $\text{CuCl}_2$ is the salt that turns blue litmus red.

The final answer is $\boxed{\text{D}}$

Asked in: MHT CET 2025 (25 April Shift 1)

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