What is required for chemiosmosis to occur?

What is required for chemiosmosis to occur?
  1. A membrane and an ATP synthase enzyme
  2. A proton pump and an ATP synthase enzyme
  3. A proton gradient and an ATP synthase enzyme
  4. A membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATP synthase

Solution

Chemiosmosis requires all of the components listed in option D) to occur. Energy is used to pump protons across a membrane to create a gradient of high concentration of protons in the thylakoid lumen, and the ATP synthase enzyme facilitates the synthesis of ATP through facilitated diffusion of protons.

Asked in: NCERT

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