What are \(X\) and \(Y\) in the following reactions?
- $\begin{array}{cc} \hline \boldsymbol{X} & \boldsymbol{Y} \\ \hline \text{Conc. } HNO_3 & H_2SO_4(SO_3) \\ \hline \end{array}$
- $\begin{array}{cc} \hline \boldsymbol{X} & \boldsymbol{Y} \\ \hline \text{Conc. } \mathrm{HNO}_{3}+\text{ Conc. } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} / 333 \mathrm{~K} & \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right) \\ \hline \end{array}$
- $\begin{array}{cc} \hline \boldsymbol{X} & \boldsymbol{Y} \\ \hline \mathrm{NaNO}_{2} / \mathrm{HCl} & \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \\ \hline \end{array}$
- $\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \boldsymbol{X} & \boldsymbol{Y} \\ \hline \text{Dil. } \mathrm{HNO}_{3} & \mathrm{SO}_{3} \\ \hline \end{array}$
Solution
Benzene reacts with conc. \(\mathrm{HNO}_3+\) conc. \(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 /\) \(333 \mathrm{~K}(X)\) to give nitrobenzene. This reaction is known as nitration. Whereas when, it reacts with sulphuric acid it give benzene sulphonic acid and the reaction is known as sulphonation.
Asked in: AP EAMCET 2019 (23 Apr Shift 1)