Two Statements are given followed by two Conclusions: Statements: All cats are dogs. All cats are black.…

Two Statements are given followed by two Conclusions: Statements: All cats are dogs. All cats are black. Conclusion-I: All dogs are black. Conclusion-II: Some dogs are not black. Which of the above Conclusions logically follows/follow from the two given Statements, disregarding commonly known facts?
  1. Only Conclusion-I
  2. Only Conclusion-II
  3. Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II
  4. Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II

Solution

From 'All cats are dogs' and 'All cats are black', cats are a subset of dogs and cats are black. But dogs that are not cats may or may not be black. So we cannot conclude all dogs are black (Conclusion-I does not follow), nor that some dogs are not black (Conclusion-II does not follow). Neither conclusion follows definitely.

Asked in: CSAT 2020

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