The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms is 3 and the sum of the cubes of its terms is…

The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms is 3 and the sum of the cubes of its terms is $\frac{27}{19}$. Then the common ratio of this series is:
  1. $\frac{1}{3}$
  2. $\frac{2}{3}$
  3. $\frac{2}{9}$
  4. $\frac{4}{9}$

Solution

Let the terms of infinite series are $a, a r, a r^{2}, a r^{3}, \ldots$ So, $\quad \frac{a}{1-r}=3$ Since, sum of cubes of its terms is $\frac{27}{19}$ that is sum of $a^{3}$, $a^{3} r^{3}, \ldots \infty$ is $\frac{27}{19}$ So, $\frac{a^{3}}{1-r^{3}}=\frac{27}{19}$ $\Rightarrow \quad \frac{a}{1-r} \times \frac{a^{2}}{\left(1+r^{2}+r\right)}=\frac{27}{19}$ $\Rightarrow \frac{9\left(1+r^{2}-2 r\right) \times 3}{1+r^{2}+r}=\frac{27}{19}$ $\Rightarrow \quad 6 r^{2}-13 r+6=0$ $\Rightarrow(3 r-2)(2 r-3)=0$ $\Rightarrow r=\frac{2}{3},$ or $\frac{3}{2}$ As $|r| < 1$ So, $r=\frac{2}{3}$

Asked in: JEE Main 2019 (11 Jan Shift 1)

Practice more Sequences and Series questions on Aicharya