The solution of the differential equation $x y^2 d y-\left(x^3+y^3\right) d x=0$ is

The solution of the differential equation $x y^2 d y-\left(x^3+y^3\right) d x=0$ is
  1. $y^3=3 x^3+c$
  2. $y^3=3 x^3 \log (c x)$
  3. $y^3=3 x^3+\log (c x)$
  4. $y^3+3 x^3=\log (c x)$

Solution

Given differential equation can be rewritten as $ \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{x^3+y^3}{x y^2} $ It is a homogeneous differential equation. Put $ y=v x \Rightarrow \frac{d y}{d x}=v+x \frac{d v}{d x} $ $ \begin{array}{rlrl} & \therefore & x \frac{d v}{d x}+v & =\frac{x^3+v^3 x^3}{x^3 v^2} \\ \Rightarrow & x \frac{d v}{d x}+v & =\frac{1+v^3}{v^2} \\ \Rightarrow & x \frac{d v}{d x} & =\frac{1}{v^2} \\ \Rightarrow & v^2 d v & =\frac{d x}{x} \end{array} $ On integrating both sides, we get $ \begin{aligned} \frac{v^3}{3} & =\log x+\log c \\ \Rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)^3 & =\log x+\log c \\ \Rightarrow \quad y^3 & =3 x^3 \log c x \end{aligned} $

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2008

Practice more Differential Equations questions on Aicharya