The gametophyte is not an independent, free living generation in
The gametophyte is not an independent, free living generation in
Adiantum
Marchantia
Pinus
Polytrichum
Solution
Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in gymnosperms (eg, Pinus, Cycas, etc.), the male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence. They remain within the sporangia retained on the sporophytes.