Steam distillation process cannot be used for purifying which of the following?

Steam distillation process cannot be used for purifying which of the following?
  1. Aniline
  2. p-nitrophenol
  3. Toluene
  4. Nitrobenzene

Solution

Steam distillation is the simplest method, which is used to isolate materials that are temperature sensitive like organic compounds. It is applicable at a low boiling point in order to avoid decomposition. It cannot be applicable in the purification of those organic compounds that are water soluble, non-volatile in steam, vapour pressure low and contains volatile impurities. $p$-nitrophenol is steam volatile, thus it cannot be used for purifying by steam distillation.

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2020 (22 Sep Shift 2)

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