Solvay process is used in the manufacture of

Solvay process is used in the manufacture of
  1. $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$
  2. $\mathrm{KHCO}_3$
  3. $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$
  4. $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$

Solution

Solvay process is used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate, $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$. This process involves following reactions. $\begin{aligned}& \mathrm{NH}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2 \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{HCO}_3 \\& \mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{HCO}_3+\mathrm{NaCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NaHCO}_3+\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{Cl} \\& \hline \mathrm{NH}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2+\mathrm{NaCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NaHCO}_3 \\&+\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{Cl} \end{aligned}$ The sodium bicarbonate obtained on heating gives sodium carbonate. $\mathrm{NaHCO}_3 \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2$ Note: This process cannot be used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate as potassium bicarbonate is soluble in the solution of $\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{Cl}$ and KCl.

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2010

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