Relative stability orders of $+1,+3$ oxidation states of $\mathrm{Ga}$, In, $\mathrm{T} 1$ are respectively

Relative stability orders of $+1,+3$ oxidation states of $\mathrm{Ga}$, In, $\mathrm{T} 1$ are respectively
  1. $\mathrm{Tl}^{+}>\mathrm{In}^{+}>\mathrm{Ga}^{+}, \mathrm{Ga}^{3+}>\mathrm{In}^{3+}>\mathrm{Tl}^{3+}$
  2. $\mathrm{Ga}^{+}>\mathrm{In}^{+}>\mathrm{Tl}^{+}, \mathrm{Tl}^{3+}>\mathrm{In}^{3+}>\mathrm{Ga}^{3+}$
  3. $\mathrm{Ga}^{+}>\mathrm{In}^{+}>\mathrm{Tl}^{+}, \mathrm{Ga}^{3+}>\mathrm{In}^{3+}>\mathrm{Tl}^{3+}$
  4. $\mathrm{Tl}^{+}>\mathrm{In}^{+}>\mathrm{Ga}^{+}, \mathrm{Tl}^{3+}>\mathrm{In}^{3+}>\mathrm{Ga}^{3+}$

Solution

Due to inert pair effect, the stability of +1 state in group 13 elements increases down the group. Opposite trend is observed for +3 state stability.

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2023 (19 May Shift 1)

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