Ortho-Nitrophenol is less soluble in water than $\mathrm{p}-$ and $\mathrm{m}-$ Nitrophenols because :
- $\mathrm{o-}$Nitrophenol is more volatile in steam than those of $\mathrm{m}-$ and $\mathrm{p}-$ isomers
- $\mathrm{o-}$Nitrophenol shows Intramolecular $\mathrm{H}-$ bonding
- $\mathrm{o-}$ Nitrophenol shows Intermolecular $\mathrm{H}-$ bonding
- Melting point of $\mathrm{o-}$Nitrophenol is lower than those of $\mathrm{m}-$ and $\mathrm{p}-$ isomers.
Solution
Intramolecular $\mathrm{H}$-bonding decreases water solubility.
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