Nitration of aniline in strong acidic medium also gives m -nitroaniline because:

1. In absence of substituents nitro group always goes to $\mathrm{m}$-position.
2. In electrophilic substitution reactions amino group is meta directive.
3. In spite of substituents nitro group always goes to only $\mathrm{m}$-position.
4. In acidic (strong) medium aniline is present as anilinium ion.

Solution

In acidic medium aniline is protonated to form anilinium ion which is metadirecting (due to $+\mathrm{I}$ effect).

Asked in: NEET 2018

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