Paragraph: Let $A$ be the set of all $3 \times 3$ symmetric matrices all of whose entries are either 0 or 1 …

Paragraph: Let $A$ be the set of all $3 \times 3$ symmetric matrices all of whose entries are either 0 or 1 . Five of these entries are 1 and four of them are 0 . Question: The number of matrices $A$ in $A$ for which the system of linear equations $A\left[\begin{array}{l}x \\ y \\ z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{array}\right]$ is is inconsistent, is
  1. 0
  2. more than 2
  3. 2
  4. 1

Solution

Given, $A\left[\begin{array}{l}x \\ y \\ z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{array}\right]$ Case I $\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & a & b \\ a & 1 & c \\ b & c & 1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}x \\ y \\ z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{array}\right]$ $a, b, c$ are selected from $1,0,0$. $\Rightarrow x+a y+b z=1 \Rightarrow a x+y+c z=0$ $b x+c y+z=0$ (i) If $a=1, b=c=0$, then $x+y=1$ Inconsistent system of equation $x+y=0$ (ii) If $a=0=c, b=1$, then $x+z=1$, $y=0$ Inconsistent system of equation $ x+z=0 $ (iii) If $c=1, a=b=0$, then $x=1, z=0$, $y=0$ Case II (i) $\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & a & b \\ a & 0 & c \\ b & c & 0\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}x \\ y \\ z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{array}\right]$ $a, b, c$ are selected from $1,1,0$. $ \begin{aligned} \Rightarrow x+a y+b z & =1 \Rightarrow a x+c z=0 \\ b x+c y & =0 \end{aligned} $ Clearly, in all three cases, solutions are possible, so system is consistent. $ \begin{gathered} \text { (ii) }\left[\begin{array}{lll} 0 & a & b \\ a & 1 & c \\ b & c & 0 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l} x \\ y \\ z \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \\ \Rightarrow a y+b z=1 \Rightarrow a x+y+c z=0 \\ b x+c y=0 \end{gathered} $ Clearly, $b=0, a=c=1$ gives $ y=1 ; x+y+z=0 $ Inconsistent system $y=0$ More than 2 matrices are possible. Hence, option (b) is correct

Asked in: JEE Advanced 2009 (Paper 1)

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