If the volume of the parallelepiped formed by the vectors $\vec{a} = \hat{i} + \lambda \hat{j} + \hat{k}$,…

If the volume of the parallelepiped formed by the vectors $\vec{a} = \hat{i} + \lambda \hat{j} + \hat{k}$, $\vec{b} = \hat{j} + \lambda \hat{k}$, and $\vec{c} = \lambda \hat{i} + \hat{k}$ is minimum, then $\lambda$ is equal to:
  1. -13
  2. -3
  3. 3
  4. 13

Solution

The volume of the parallelepiped can be expressed as $\text{Volume} = [\vec{A}, \vec{B}, \vec{C}]$, where $\vec{A}$, $\vec{B}$, and $\vec{C}$ are the given vectors. Let $f(\lambda) = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & \lambda & 1 \ 0 & 1 & \lambda \ \lambda & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = \lambda^3 - \lambda + 1$. The derivative of $f(\lambda)$ is $f'(\lambda) = 3\lambda^2 - 1$. The roots of $f'(\lambda)$ determine the critical points. Solving $f'(\lambda) = 0$, we find $\lambda = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$. At $\lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$, $f'(\lambda)$ changes sign from negative to positive, indicating a point of local minima. Thus, at $\lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$, the volume of the parallelepiped is minimized.

Asked in: JEE Main 2019 (12 Apr Shift 1)

Practice more Vectors questions on Aicharya