If $a^{m} = a^{n}$ where $a \neq 0,\ \pm 1$, then which is true?

If $a^{m} = a^{n}$ where $a \neq 0,\ \pm 1$, then which is true?
  1. $m + n = 0$
  2. $mn = 1$
  3. $m = n$
  4. $m - n = 1$

Solution

For a non-trivial base ($a \neq 0, \pm 1$), $a^{m} = a^{n}$ forces the exponents to be equal: $m = n$.

Asked in: IMO

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