If $A=\left[\begin{array}{ll}a & b \\ b & a\end{array}\right]$ and $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{ll}\alpha &…
If $A=\left[\begin{array}{ll}a & b \\ b & a\end{array}\right]$ and $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{ll}\alpha & \beta \\ \beta & \alpha\end{array}\right]$, then
$A^2=\left[\begin{array}{ll}\alpha & \beta \\ \beta & \alpha\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll}a & b \\ b & a\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll}a & b \\ b & a\end{array}\right]$
$\alpha=a^2+b^2 ; \beta=2 a b$