Identify ortho and para directing groups from the following : \(\begin{array}{cccc}-\mathrm{CHO}, &…
Identify ortho and para directing groups from the following :
\(\begin{array}{cccc}-\mathrm{CHO}, & -\mathrm{NHCOCH}_3, & -\mathrm{OCH}_3, & -\mathrm{SO}_3 \mathrm{H} \\ \text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}\)
III, IV
II, III
II, IV
I, IV
Solution
Generally, electron withdrawing groups such as - \(\mathrm{CHO}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_3 \mathrm{H}\) group are meta directing group.
Whereas electron donating groups such as \(-\mathrm{OCH}_3,-\mathrm{NHCOCH}_3\) group are ortho and para directing group.
These groups increase the electron density particularly at ortho and para position of the sign as given below :
