How do the majority of parasites harm the host?

How do the majority of parasites harm the host?
  1. By reducing the survival, growth, and reproduction of the host
  2. By rendering the host more vulnerable to predation
  3. By making the host physically strong
  4. By increasing the population density of the host

Solution

Darwin notes that the majority of parasites harm the host by reducing the survival, growth, and reproduction of the host.

Asked in: NCERT

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