For a reaction to be spontaneous, the required conditions are

For a reaction to be spontaneous, the required conditions are
  1. $\Delta_r H^{\circ}=-$ ve, $\Delta_r S^{\circ}=-$ ve, at high $T$.
  2. $\Delta_r H^{\circ}=+$ ve, $\Delta_r S^{\circ}=+$ ve, at high $T$.
  3. $\Delta_r H^{\circ}=+$ ve, $\Delta_r S^{\circ}=+$ ve, at low $T$.
  4. $\Delta_r H^{\circ}=+$ ve, $\Delta_r S^{\circ}=-$ ve, at all $T$.

Solution

Depending upon the sign and magnitude of $\Delta H$ and $-T \Delta S$, the sum of these terms determines the sign of $\Delta G$. This sign of $\Delta G$ will determine i.e. if $\Delta G$ is negative then the reaction is spontaneous and if $\Delta G$ is positive then the reaction is non-spontaneous. \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline\Delta H & \Delta S & -T \Delta S & \Delta G & Spontaneous/ Non-spontaneous \\ \hline+ & - & + & + & Non-spontaneous \\ \hline- & + & - & - & Spontaneous \\ \hline - & - & + & & \begin{array}{l} Spontaneous at low T \\ Non-spontaneous at high T \end{array} \\ \hline+ & + & - & +o r & \begin{array}{l} Non-spontaneous at low T \\ Spontaneous at high T \end{array} \\ \hline \end{array}

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2022 (06 Jul Shift 2)

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