$\int \frac{d x}{1-\cos x-\sin x}$ is equal to

$\int \frac{d x}{1-\cos x-\sin x}$ is equal to
  1. $\log \left|1+\cot \frac{x}{2}\right|+c$
  2. $\log \left|1-\tan \frac{x}{2}\right|+c$
  3. $\log \left|1-\cot \frac{x}{2}\right|+c$
  4. $\log \left|1+\tan \frac{x}{2}\right|+c$

Solution

We have, $ \begin{aligned} I & =\int \frac{d x}{1-\cos x-\sin x} \\ & =\int \frac{d x}{1-\left(\frac{1-\tan ^2 \frac{x}{2}}{1+\tan ^2 \frac{x}{2}}\right)-\frac{2 \tan \frac{x}{2}}{1+\tan ^2 \frac{x}{2}}} \\ & =\int \frac{\sec ^2 \frac{x}{2} d x}{1+\tan ^2 \frac{x}{2}-1+\tan ^2 \frac{x}{2}-2 \tan \frac{x}{2}} \end{aligned} $ $ =\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{\sec ^2 \frac{x}{2} d x}{\tan \frac{x}{2}\left(\tan \frac{x}{2}-1\right)} $ Let $\tan \frac{x}{2}=z$ $ \begin{aligned} & \Rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{2} \sec ^2 \frac{x}{2} d x=d z \\ & \Rightarrow \quad \sec ^2 \frac{x}{2} d x=2 d z \\ & \therefore I=\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{2 d z}{z(z-1)}=\int\left(\frac{1}{z-1}-\frac{1}{z}\right) d z \\ & \quad=\log (z-1)-\log z+C \\ & =\log \left(\frac{z-1}{z}\right)+C=\log \left[\frac{\tan \frac{x}{2}-1}{\tan \frac{x}{2}}\right]+C \\ & \quad=\log \left[1-\cot \frac{x}{2}\right]+C \end{aligned} $

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2002

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