Consider a light planet revolving around a massive star in a circular orbit of radius ' $r$ ' with time…

Consider a light planet revolving around a massive star in a circular orbit of radius ' $r$ ' with time period ' $T$ '. If the gravitational force of attraction between the planet and the star is proportional to $r^{-\frac{7}{2}}$, then $T^2$ is proportional to
  1. $r^{9 / 2}$
  2. $r^{7 / 2}$
  3. $r^{5 / 2}$
  4. $r^{3 / 2}$

Solution

For the planet to orbit around the star, the centripetal force must be provided by gravitational force. Hence, $\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{d}}=\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{a}}$. $\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{a}} \propto-\mathrm{r}^{-7 / 2}$ ...(Given) (-ve sign indicates force is towards the centre of orbit) $\begin{array}{ll} & \text { Hence, } \mathrm{a} \propto-\mathrm{r}^{-7 / 2} \\ \therefore \quad & -\omega^2 \mathrm{r} \propto-\mathrm{r}^{-7 / 2} \\ \therefore \quad & \omega^2 \propto \mathrm{r}^{-9 / 2} \\ \therefore \quad & \frac{4 \pi^2}{\mathrm{~T}^2} \propto \mathrm{r}^{-9 / 2} \\ & \Rightarrow \mathrm{T}^2 \propto \mathrm{r}^{9 / 2} \end{array}$

Asked in: MHT CET 2023 (12 May Shift 1)

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