A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then disconnected from the charging battery. If the plates are now…

A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then disconnected from the charging battery. If the plates are now moved further apart by pulling them by means of insulting handles, then
  1. the capacitance of the capacitor increases
  2. the voltage across the capacitor increases
  3. the energy stored in the capacitor decreases
  4. the charge on the capacitor decreases

Solution

When the capacitor is charged and then disconnected, the charge across the plates remains a constant, even when the plates are separated. The capacitance is related to the structure of parallel plate capacitor as $\frac{A \varepsilon_0}{d}$. When the plate is separated, the distance between the plate $d$ increases and hence the capacitance decreases. Hence, according to the $Q=C V$ relation, the voltage across the capacitor increases in order to keep the charge constant.

Asked in: MHT CET 2022 (10 Aug Shift 2)

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