A group which deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but which directs the incoming…

A group which deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but which directs the incoming group principally to the o- and p-positions is
  1. $-\mathrm{NH}_{2}$
  2. $-\mathrm{Cl}$
  3. $-\mathrm{NO}_{2}$
  4. $-\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}$

Solution

$-\mathrm{Cl}$ group is o-, p-directing due to $+\mathrm{R}$ effect; however it is deactivating due to strong $-\mathrm{I}$ effect of $\mathrm{Cl}$ (difference from other o-, $\mathrm{p}$ -directing groups which are activating). The net result is that chlorobenzene undergoes o-, p-substitution, but with difficulty. ,

Asked in: JEE-TOPICTESTS-CHEMISTRY

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