A charge $Q$ is divided into two charges $q$ and $Q-q$. The value of $q$ such that the force between them is…

A charge $Q$ is divided into two charges $q$ and $Q-q$. The value of $q$ such that the force between them is maximum, is
  1. $Q$
  2. $\frac{3 Q}{4}$
  3. $\frac{Q}{2}$
  4. $\frac{Q}{3}$

Solution

By Coulomb's law, When charge $Q$ is divided into two charges $q$ and $Q-q$ $ F=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \cdot \frac{q \cdot(Q-q)}{r^2} $ The value of $q$ $ F_{\max }=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \cdot \frac{\frac{Q}{2}\left(Q-\frac{Q}{2}\right)}{r^2} $ (Putting $q=\frac{Q}{0}$ for the maximum force) $ \begin{aligned} & =\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \cdot \frac{\frac{Q}{2}\left(\frac{Q}{2}\right)}{r^2} \\ & =\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \cdot \frac{\frac{Q^2}{4}}{r^2} \\ & =\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \cdot \frac{Q^2}{4 r^2} \\ & =\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{Q}{2}\right)^2}{r^2} \end{aligned} $ So, option (3) is correct

Asked in: AP EAMCET 2014

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